Black holes are some of the most mysterious and dangerous objects in the universe. Scientists have been trying to unlock the secrets of black holes for years, and we are still learning new things about them. Some people believe that black holes are portals to another dimension, and that they can suck you up into oblivion. While we don’t know everything about black holes, we do know that they can be incredibly dangerous.
Black holes are an inevitable consequence of Einstein’s theory of gravity. And they are scary for three reasons, one of which is the violation of the laws of physics in them. The other two are monstrous gravity and insatiable appetite.
Most of the time, supermassive black holes are inactive, but as they devour stars and gas, they begin to glow so that they can outshine the light of the galaxies in which they are located. Active black holes are called quasars.
Black holes are thought to form after the death of a massive star. After a star’s nuclear fuel is completely consumed, its core collapses to the densest state of matter imaginable. In this state, it is a hundred times denser than the nucleus of an atom. This incredible density causes protons, neutrons, and electrons to cease to be discrete particles.
Since inactive black holes are as black as night, they can only be detected when there is a star near them. It is this star, or rather its behavior, that allows astronomers to see the dark companion of the luminary, the black hole.
The first confirmed black hole was Cygnus X-1, the brightest X-ray source in the constellation Cygnus. Since then (since 1964), about 50 black holes have been discovered, and stars are orbiting around all of them.
In essence, black holes are the graves of matter. Nothing can escape from their surface. Not even light. The fate of those who fall into a black hole is unenviable. This is spaghettification, and Stephen Hawking introduced it in his book A Brief History of Time. In spaghettification, the strong gravity of a black hole would split the bones, muscles, tendons, and even molecules of the human body.
It is prudent to keep your distance, but if the black hole is in the active phase of the quasar, or you will be burned out by high energy radiation.
How bright the quasar is
Imagine flying over a large city, such as Moscow, at night. You see millions of lights from cars, houses, and city streets. Imagine that these are stars in a galaxy. Then a black hole in an active state is like a light source 2-3 centimeters in diameter, which outshines all city lights, shining hundreds or thousands of times brighter. Yes, quasars are the brightest objects in the Universe.
Physics and mass of black holes
The largest black hole discovered to date weighs 40 billion times more than our Sun. Or 20 times larger than our solar system. And another thing: the outer planets in our solar system orbit at a rate of one revolution in 250 years, while the black hole makes a revolution on its axis in three months. Its outer edge moves at only half the speed of light.
All black holes are hidden from our eyes behind the event horizon. At their centers is a singularity, a point in space where the density is infinite. We cannot even imagine what happens inside a black hole, because the usual laws of physics do not work there.
What awaits black holes in the future
According to Stephen Hawking, black holes are slowly evaporating. In the distant future, when all stars die and galaxies disappear from view as a result of the accelerating expansion of the Universe, black holes will be the last survivors, if that can be said about the graveyard of matter.
The most massive black holes will take an unimaginable number of years to vaporize. Estimates are 10 to the hundredth degree, or 10 and a hundred zeros. That is, the scariest objects in the universe are almost eternal.
Conclusion
In conclusion, black holes are incredibly dangerous and fascinating objects. They are massive, have a huge amount of gravity, and emit high levels of radiation. Additionally, they are difficult to detect and almost impossible to escape from. For these reasons, black holes are considered to be the most dangerous objects in the universe.